What are the practical steps for conducting a Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA) as potentially required by Article 27, and what should the report include?

Okay, here's the complete, corrected answer, without any meta-comments, and incorporating the accurate interpretation of Recital 96:

Practical Steps for Conducting a FRIA:

1. Determine Applicability (Article 27(1)):
   • Who: The obligation primarily falls on deployers that are:
     • Bodies governed by public law.
     • Private entities providing public services .
     • Deployers of high-risk AI systems referred to in points 5 (b) and (c) of Annex III.
   • When: Before deploying a high-risk AI system (Article 6(2)), except for systems used in the area listed in point 2 of Annex III ( unless used for specific, limited purposes).
   • Action: Document the rationale for why a FRIA is required (or why an exception applies).
2. Define the Scope (Article 27(1)(a) and (b)):
   • Processes: Identify the specific organizational processes where the AI system will be used.
   • Timeframe and Frequency: Determine the period and frequency of the AI system's use.
   • Action: Create a clear scope document.
3. Identify Affected Persons and Groups (Article 27(1)(c)):
   • Categories: Identify the categories of individuals and groups likely to be affected.
   • Vulnerable Groups: Pay particular attention to vulnerable groups.
   • Action: Create a list of affected groups, with justification.
4. Identify Specific Risks of Harm (Article 27(1)(d)):
   • Fundamental Rights: Consider the full range of fundamental rights.
   • Specific Risks: For each affected group and each right, identify specific risks.
   • Severity and Likelihood: Assess the severity and likelihood of each risk.
   • Information from Provider: Take into account information from the AI system's provider (Article 13).
   • Action: Create a risk register.
5. Describe Human Oversight Measures (Article 27(1)(e)):
   • Instructions for Use: Refer to the AI system's instructions for use and describe how human oversight will be implemented.
   • Specific Procedures: Detail procedures for human intervention, review, and override.
   • Roles and Responsibilities: Define roles and responsibilities.
   • Action: Document the human oversight procedures.
6. Describe Measures to be Taken (Article 27(1)(f)):
   • Risk Mitigation: Describe measures to mitigate or eliminate each risk.
   • Internal Governance: Describe internal governance arrangements.
   • Complaint Mechanisms: Establish or describe complaint mechanisms.
   • Action: Update the risk register with mitigation measures. Document governance and complaint mechanisms.
7. Complement Other Assessments (Recital 96, Paragraphs 372, 373):
   • Broad Scope: The FRIA covers all fundamental rights.
   • Coordination: If other assessments are required (e.g., DPIA, sector-specific assessments), coordinate to avoid duplication.
   • Combined Approach (Optional): If a DPIA is required, you may conduct the FRIA and DPIA in conjunction. Distinguish between data protection (DPIA) and fundamental rights (FRIA) aspects.
   • Cross-Referencing: Cross-reference relevant sections between the FRIA and other assessments.
   • Action: Coordinate with experts. Document the coordination process.
8. Document and Update:
   • The FRIA should be a living document.
   • Update the FRIA whenever there are significant changes.

What the FRIA Report Should Include:

1. Executive Summary: A brief overview of the AI system, its intended use, the key findings of the FRIA, and the main mitigation measures.
2. Scope of the Assessment: As defined in Step 2.
3. Affected Persons and Groups: As identified in Step 3.
4. Risk Assessment: The risk register (from Steps 4 and 6), including:
   • Description of each risk
   • Affected group(s)
   • Relevant fundamental right(s)
   • Severity and likelihood assessment
   • Existing mitigating factors
   • Planned mitigation measures
5. Human Oversight Measures: As described in Step 5.
6. Internal Governance and Complaint Mechanisms: As described in Step 6.
7. Relationship to Other Assessments: Explanation of how the FRIA complements other assessments, clarifying the broad scope beyond just DPIAs.
8. Conclusion: A summary of the overall assessment and any remaining risks.